Short answers to the questions people ask about visitor visas, with the official rules quoted word for word.
The officer must think it more likely than not that you meet the visitor rules in Appendix V. If not, the visa is refused. The main reasons are: doubt that you will go home, an unclear reason for the trip, money that does not add up, your past visa record, and false or missing facts.
It means the officer did not believe, from your papers, that you will leave the UK when your visit ends. It comes from rule V 4.2(a) of Appendix V. To fix it, show what pulls you home with real proof: your job, your family, your home, your studies and your past trips.
Your bank statements should show that you can pay for the trip and where the money came from. The officer checks that they match your form: your income, any large deposits and any help from family. Money that arrived just before you applied may lead to more checks. A big balance alone is not enough.
There is no fixed amount. The Home Office guidance says there is no set level of funds. The officer looks at what your trip will cost, the money you have and earn, and the bills and people you pay for at home. What is left must cover the trip and make sense for your life.
A Schengen refusal comes on a standard form with a list of numbered reasons. The main ones are about the purpose of the trip, money for the stay and the trip home, doubts about your papers, and doubt that you will leave before the visa ends. Each has its own fix.
These reasons mean the officer was not sure you would leave Canada when your stay ends. The rule is section 179(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. To answer it, show a clear plan for a trip that fits your life. Then prove the ties that bring you home.
A 214(b) refusal means the officer was not satisfied that you are a real visitor. US law starts by presuming every visa applicant wants to stay. You must show it is not true for you: that you have a home you will not give up, and that your trip is short and for a visit only.
Read your refusal letter one reason at a time. Find the rule behind each reason. Then fix each one with new proof, not new words. Tell the truth about the past refusal on the new form. Sending the same papers again gives the officer nothing new, so wait until you can show something stronger.
This is general help, not legal advice. For advice about your own case, talk to a lawyer or a licensed immigration adviser.