Travel to any country counts, not only to Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom or the Schengen area. Having none is not a refusal reason on its own, but it removes the easiest proof that you return.
IRPR 179(b), refusal reason: travel history
I am not satisfied that you will leave Canada at the end of your stay, based on your travel history.
Whether you have travelled and complied before.
(b) will leave Canada by the end of the period authorized for their stay under Division 2;
Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations, section 179, IRPR 179(b)
Is travel consistent with local customs or practices? Has the person travelled before?
Visitors: eligibility and admissibility considerations (program delivery instructions), Ties to Canada or country of residence, question 4
Stamps. Entry and exit, on time, in a passport they can see. A visa you held and used properly is worth more than any letter about your intentions, because it is a record of you doing the thing you are promising to do.
Say so, plainly, and put the weight elsewhere: employment with approved leave, dependants, property, a business with filings. Some applicants build a record deliberately, with a short regional trip before reapplying. That is a real strategy, and it takes months rather than days.
Send every passport, including expired ones, and photograph every stamped page rather than summarising. Where a stamp is unclear, add the boarding pass or the travel record.
Reapply. Where a previous refusal is part of your history, declare it and answer the ground it used in the cover letter.
There is no appeal against a visitor visa refusal and no limit on reapplying. A new application is assessed on its own evidence, so it only helps if the ticked reasons are answered and something has changed.
Judicial review asks the Federal Court whether the decision was reasonable. It does not re-decide the application, it needs leave, and it needs a Canadian lawyer. The deadline is 60 days from the decision for an applicant outside Canada.
This route needs a regulated adviser.
IRCC refusal letters tick reasons from a fixed list and cite paragraph 179(b) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations. The officer's notes in the Global Case Management System give the fuller reasoning and can be requested.
Our software reads the refusal, names the grounds and the route, checks every ground against your documents with the refused ones held open, and writes the reapplication letter that answers each one by its reference. Re-runs and second-refusal handling included for 30 days.